"CLO 13 Discuss the elements of a radiographic image."

Characteristics of an optimal image include:

• correct demographic information
• correct markers in the appropriate position without superimposing volume of interest
• desired anatomic structures in accurate alignment with each other
• appropriate radiation potation
• best possible contrast with minimal noise
• no preventable artifacts

Make sure all of these things are applicable to the image.

"CLO 3 Describe an effective image analysis method."

For PA Chest

• Ensure the facilities identification requirements are visible
• A correct marker is placed on the correct side of the chest, not obscuring anatomy.
• Good radiation protection technique is used
• Anatomy structures are clearly/sharply defined
• no rotation
• contrast resolution is adequate
• ensure no quantum noise
• scatter radiation is minimal
• no preventable artifacts in the image

Next

• ensure part centering to the IR
• central ray alignment to the IR and part
• construct a plan to fix the image
• 
  

"CLO 4 Describe the role of the radiographer in image analysis."

The role of the radiographer in image analysis to evaluate projections for acceptability, determine how to improve positioning and technical skills before repeating a projection, and to continually improve radiography skills.

This information is from the Image Analysis Introduction Powerpoint.

"CLO 7 Summarize the importance of proper positioning."

Proper positioning is not only required for diagnostic value, but it is also required for patient protection. In order to repeat images several times, it is important to see if something if wrong in the image, that the technologist can recognize that and repeat only one (or not at all).

If a patient is poorly positioned, even the slightest rotation could make anatomy appear differently. This could lead to wrong diagnostic interpretation.

For example, when the chest is positioned with rotation, the heart could appear bigger than it actually is. The radiologist might see this as cardiomegaly.

"Apply a process for evaluating images for adequate image receptor exposure, exposure indicator contrast/grayscale/spatial resolution, identification markers and appropriate use of beam restriction"

Image Receptor Exposure

1. Ensure that the exposure indicator is within the range.
2. No quantum noise or excessive fog.

Exposure Indicator Contrast/grayscale/spatial resolution

1. Bone structures are clearly defined with high contrast.
2. If a projection demonstrates poor contrast resolution

Identification markers 

         Place the identification marker on lateral side of anatomy. 

Appropriate use of beam restriction

Do not collimate to exclude soft tissue of anatomy